The field of materials science,
also commonly termed as materials science and engineering it is described as discovery
of new materials, particularly solids and its properties & applications.
Materials that are utilized in
high-technology applications are termed as Advanced materials.
These advanced materials are typically traditional materials whose
properties have been enhanced, and also newly developed, high-performance
materials. Furthermore, they may be of all material types (e.g., metals,
ceramics, polymers), and are normally expensive.
Advanced
materials include semiconductors, biomaterials,
and smart materials and nanoengineered materials.
The properties and applications of a number of
these advanced materials—for example, materials that are used for lasers,
integrated circuits, magnetic information storage, liquid crystal displays
(LCDs), and fiber
optics.
The material of choice of a given era is often a
defining point. Phrases such as Stone Age, Bronze Age, Iron Age, and Steel Age
are historic if arbitrary examples. Originally deriving from the manufacture
of ceramics and its putative derivative metallurgy, materials science is one of
the oldest forms of engineering and applied science.
Fundamentals:
A material is defined
as a substance (most often a solid, but other condensed phases can be included)
that is intended to be used for certain applications. There are a myriad of
materials around us—they can be found in anything from buildings to spacecraft.
Materials can generally be further divided into two classes: crystalline and
non-crystalline
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